IOWAGA sea-states hindcast database generated by the wave model WAVEWATCH-III and forced by CFSR winds on the New Caledonia grid over 1990-2015 period.

Wind analyses, estimated over the North Atlantic Ocean with a focus on some specific regions, are one the main ARCWIND (http://www.arcwind.eu/) project deliverables. They are estimated from various remotely sensed wind observations in combination with numerical model (WRF), with regular space (0.125deg in latitude and longitude), and time (00h:00, 06h:00, 12h:00, 18h:00 UTC), and based the method described in (Bentamy A., A. Mouche, A. Grouazel, A. Moujane, M. A. Ahmed. (2019): Using sentinel-1A SAR wind retrievals for enhancing scatterometer and radiometer regional wind analyses . International Journal Of Remote Sensing , 40(3), 1120-1147 . https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1524174).

IOWAGA sea-states hindcast database generated by the wave model WAVEWATCH-III and forced by ECMWF winds on the New Caledonia grid over 2009-2017 period.

Wind analyses, estimated over the North Atlantic Ocean with a focus on some specific regions, are one the main ARCWIND (http://www.arcwind.eu/) project deliverables. They are estimated from various remotely sensed wind observations in combination with numerical model (WRF), with regular space (0.25deg in latitude and longitude), and time (00h:00, 06h:00, 12h:00, 18h:00 UTC), and based the method described in (Bentamy A., A. Mouche, A. Grouazel, A. Moujane, M. A. Ahmed. (2019): Using sentinel-1A SAR wind retrievals for enhancing scatterometer and radiometer regional wind analyses . International Journal Of Remote Sensing , 40(3), 1120-1147 . https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1524174).

IOWAGA sea-states hindcast database generated by the wave model WAVEWATCH-III and forced by ECMWF winds on the French coast of the Atlantic ocean unstructured grid over 2008-2018 period.

Geomorphological analysis of the continental slope of the Mediterranean sea based on a 100m Data Terrain Model (DTM). This DTM is a synthesis of data acquired during sea surveys.

IOWAGA sea-states hindcast database generated by the wave model WAVEWATCH-III and forced by ECMWF winds on the North East Atlantic grid over 1990-2012 period.

Cold-water coral habitat mapping in submarine canyons of the bay of Biscay was realized by the deep sea laboratory of Ifremer. Data came from the EVHOE 2009 cruise in the framework of the CoralFish project and as part of an agreement between Ifremer and the Agence des Aires Marines Protégées. The method was based on image analyses. Images were acquired using the towed camera « SCAMPI » during the EVHOE 2009 cruise (from 18/10/2009 to 01/12/2009, chief scientists: Jean-Pierre LEAUTE and Michèle SALAUN). Observed habitats were defined according to the CoralFish typology (J.S. Davies, B. Guillaumont, F. Tempera, A. Vertino, L. Beuck, S.H. Ólafsdóttir, C.J. Smith, J.H. Fosså, I.M.J. van den Beld, A. Savini, A. Rengstorf, C. Bayle, J.-F. Bourillet, S. Arnaud-Haond, A. Grehan, 2017. A new classification scheme of European cold-water coral habitats: Implications for ecosystem-based management of the deep sea, In Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, Volume 145, 2017, Pages 102-109, ISSN 0967-0645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.014).

Cold-water coral habitat mapping in submarine canyons of the bay of Biscay was realized by the deep sea laboratory of Ifremer. Data came from the BOBECO cruise in the framework of the CoralFish project and as part of an agreement between Ifremer and the Agence des Aires Marines Protégées. The method was based on video and image analyses. Videos and Images were acquired using the ROV Victor 6000 during the BOBECO cruise (from 9/09/2011 to 11/10/2011, chief scientists: Sophie Arnaud-Haond et Anthony Grehan). Observed habitats were defined according to the CoralFish typology (J.S. Davies, B. Guillaumont, F. Tempera, A. Vertino, L. Beuck, S.H. Ólafsdóttir, C.J. Smith, J.H. Fosså, I.M.J. van den Beld, A. Savini, A. Rengstorf, C. Bayle, J.-F. Bourillet, S. Arnaud-Haond, A. Grehan, 2017. A new classification scheme of European cold-water coral habitats: Implications for ecosystem-based management of the deep sea, In Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, Volume 145, 2017, Pages 102-109, ISSN 0967-0645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.014).

Process-driven seafloor habitat sensitivity (PDS) has been defined from the method developed by Kostylev and Hannah (2007), which takes into account physical disturbances and food availability as structuring factors for benthic communities. It is a conceptual model, relating species’ life history traits to environmental properties. Physical environment maps have been converted into a map of benthic habitat types, each supporting species communities with specific sensitivity to human pressures. It is based on two axes of selected environmental forces. The "Disturbance" (Dist) axis reflects the magnitude of change (destruction) of habitats (i.e. the stability through time of habitats), only due to natural processes influencing the seabed and which are responsible for the selection of life history traits. The "Scope for Growth" (SfG) axis takes into account environmental stresses inducing a physiological cost to organisms and limiting their growth and reproduction potential. This axis estimates the remaining energy available for growth and reproduction of a species (the energy spent on adapting itself to the environment being already taken into account). It can be related to the metabolic theory of the ecology. The process-driven sensitivity (PDS) can be seen as a risk map that combines the two previous axes and reflects the main ecological characteristics of the benthic habitats regarding natural processes. Areas with low disturbance are areas with a naturally low reworking of the sediment, allowing the establishment of a rich sessile epifauna community, with K-strategy species. Areas with low SfG means that the environmental factors, even though there are not limiting, are in lower values, i.e. that it imposes a cost for species to live. In areas combining low disturbance and low SfG, big suspension-feeder species with long life and slow growth can often be found: these species are more vulnerable in case of added disturbance.