To draw up an inventory of the "Western Channel" ecosystem by collecting complete data covering a maximum of compartments of this system (hydrology, planktonic compartments including fish eggs and larvae, benthic invertebrates, pelagic, demersal and benthic fish and cephalopods, birds and marine mammals). To determine the impact of climate change in the Channel on the composition of benthic invertebrate assemblages, the integrator group of these changes, through sampling of particular stations for which historical data exist. Carry out an intercalibration with the N/O Gwen Drez so that the CGFS (Channel Ground Fish Survey) data set can be continued on another vessel in the coming years.

The objective of the PELGAS cruise is to monitor distribution and abundance of pelagic species fished in the Bay of Biscay, using two direct evaluation methods: acoustics and spawning estimates. The cruise was conducted in coordination with France, Spain and Portugal, in the framework of the European council regulations (EC No 1543/2000 of 29 June 2000 and No 1639/2001 of 25 July 2001).

Ecological study of coastal nurseries in the Bay of Biscay: abundance and the quality of benthic and demersal fish juveniles (targeted species: common sole, Solea solea L.), biological indicators, relationship with the physical parameters of the habitats (bathymetry, sediments, hydrology) and with associated epibenthic populations (trawls for observing invertebrates).

The annual PELMED (PELagiques MEDiterranée) fisheries resource assessment campaign is carried out by the Laboratoire Halieutique Méditerranée of the Ifremer station in Sète. The objectives of these cruises are : 1. Evaluate the biomass of small pelagic fish (anchovies, sardines) by direct method. For this, the campaign must alternate between acoustic prospecting and identification trawling. An acoustic signal is sent from a sounder fixed under the vessel and each time it encounters the bottom or schools of fish, it is reflected and retransmitted to the sounder. In this way, the shape and intensity of these echoes that materialize the schools of fish can be observed continuously. Species identification trawls are carried out in order to define the proportion of species present in the echoes detected. 2. Collecting as many biological parameters as possible on the target species of small pelagics (anchovies, sardines, sprats) to better understand the population dynamics of these species. For this purpose, morphometric measurements, as well as the determination of the sex and maturity stage of the fish are carried out. Finally, otoliths are taken in order to determine the age of the fish. These biological parameters are very important to complete the biomass assessment and have a better understanding of the processes underlying the variability of these populations. This allows for example to determine the age structure or size structure of the populations, to have an idea of their energy reserves, etc. 3. To better understand the pelagic ecosystem as a whole, from plankton to top predators. The primary goal of the PELMED cruise is to evaluate small pelagic stocks, but it also aims to accumulate as much data as possible on the different compartments of the pelagic ecosystem, from physical parameters (temperature, salinity) to top predators (marine mammals, birds), through the different lower trophic levels (phyto- and zooplankton, small pelagic fish). Thus, after each trawling, a hydrological station is carried out with the measurement of temperature and salinity along the water column via a CTD, water and phytoplankton samples with a Niskin bottle and zooplankton samples using a vertical line of WP2. Finally, throughout the campaign we carry out the observation and counting of birds and marine mammals. In addition to the understanding of the ecosystem, this should provide a number of indicators necessary for monitoring the marine environment under the MSFD (Marine Framework Directive).

The observation of ecosystems by Ifremer's Fisheries Information System (SIH) is based on a network of sea cruises. It aims to assess the state of stocks of the various species fished in France and Europe. It also enables the characterisation of the marine ecosystem in which the populations evolve. 23 scientific cruises take place each year at sea, enabling data to be collected for more than 30 years for the oldest. Thanks to the use of standardised fishing gear, the data acquired each year on board scientific vessels or professional fishing vessels contribute to the calculation of the index of abundance, with thousands of fish taken during timed trawls. The fish are measured and their age is assessed by measuring their otoliths (small bones located in the inner ear of the fish).

REPHY is a national network covering the coast of the French mainland along with that of three of its overseas departments: Martinique, Guadeloupe and Reunion Island. The aims are as follows: - to observe all phytoplankton species in the coastal waters and to monitor events such as coloured water, exceptional blooms, and the proliferation of species which are toxic or disruptive to marine fauna, - Particularly to monitor species producing toxins which are dangerous to shellfish consumers . These objectives are complementary, as the regular monitoring of all phytoplankton species makes it possible to detect known toxic and invasive species, but also to detect potentially toxic species. It is the presence of these toxic species in the water which triggers the monitoring of toxins in shellfish. The mission of REPHY is to monitor shellfish in their natural environment (such as parks and deposits). For shellfish removed from marine environments (that is to say in shellfish logistics establishments or on markets prior to export), national monitoring and control plans are organised by the General Food Directive at the French Ministry of Agriculture. Analyses are performed by the accredited departmental veterinary laboratories as organised by the National Reference Laboratory from the French Food Safety Agency.

The associated data highlights the spatial influence of the dataset of the type “Visual Observations from an Aerial Platform” from the PELAGIS Observatory. These ranges represent the different areas of study on which the PELAGIS observatory conducted campaigns of visual observations from aerial platforms. Each area of study is associated with at least one campaign, with observers and geographical sectors linked to that campaign. Each sector is associated with bathymetric strips and transects related to each of the strips, with a few exceptions for the Indian Ocean region. Description of fields and values of the attribute tables : (- field name, meaning : value, description of values) - region, area of study specific to the PELAGIS observatory PELAGIS : OI/FRM/ AGFR/SOP/SP, region_lbl - programme, associated programme of which the campaign is a part: REMMOA/PACOMM, REcensement de la Mégafaune Marine par Observation Aérienne/Programme d'Acquisition sur les Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins - idCampagne, abbreviated name of the data collection campaign: OI/SAMM/ ANT/SOP/PF/GUY, Campagne Océan Indien/Suivi Aérien de la Mégafaune Marine/Sud Ouest Pacifique/Polynésie Française/ Guyane française - progress, current state of the campaigns, from collection to scientific optimisation : Preparation/Acquisition/ Analysis/Enhancement, campaign being prepared/under acquisition/being analysed/data enhanced within the context of a scientific publication.

As part of the implementation of the monitoring programme of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the monitoring of demersal fish and cephalopods in coastal soft environments was deemed a priority. Annual observation campaigns of coastal nurseries on soft bottoms were carried out by the Laboratoire Halieutique Méditerranée of the Ifremer station in Sète. The objectives of these campaigns are 1. To evaluate the density, biomass and distribution of fish and cephalopods by trawling, in particular benthic and demersal juveniles (red mullet, gurnard). To do this, around one hundred standardised trawl surveys were carried out over the entire coastal strip of the Gulf of Lion situated between 5m and 40m depth. 2. To systematically measure the size of the individuals collected in order to characterise the importance of the nursery function in the areas observed and to better understand the population dynamics of local species. 3. To gain a better understanding of the coastal zone ecosystem by systematically identifying all the species encountered (including benthic and pelagic invertebrates other than fish and cephalopods), the macro-waste observed and by characterising their hydrological habitats (CTD, oxygen, fluorescence, pH, turbidity, etc.).

Median of the 90th and 99th percentiles of significant height and significant agitation. From the North Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, at a resolution of 2 minutes.

3D seasonal temperature range (in ° C) obtained by objective analysis (interpolation) of the raw data in situ, at a depth of 5m. Within the Bay of Biscay Challenge and the programme of the Operational Coastal Oceanographic Centre Prévimer, the services of SISMER DYNECO-PHYSED of IFREMER have built a joint hydrological database of the Bay of Biscay, from CTD measurements, Bouteilles, XBT / MBT and Profileurs from multiple global data centres to achieve a climatological atlas of the region for temperature and salinity.